Theosis: CSWR Annual Publication 2024-25

Theosis, the CSWR’s Annual Publication

Volume 2 |  2024-25

Mural by Rufino Tamayo, The Birth of Our Nationality
Theosis 2 cover

We are delighted to present Volume 2 of Theosis, the annual magazine of Harvard Divinity School's Center for the Study of World Religions.

This collection features thought-provoking essays, interviews, visual art, and photography that emerged from our vibrant scholarly community over the past year. Building on our commitment to interdisciplinary inquiry, this volume showcases research spanning diverse spiritual traditions, cutting-edge academic work, and creative collaborations that extend far beyond traditional academic boundaries.

"Theosis embodies the spirit and commitment of the Center to make scholarly work accessible to all. It is not hidden behind paywalls or reserved solely for academic publications and conference rooms. Rather, it is presented here in a way that is inviting and compelling, reflecting our belief that the fruits of scholarship should be shared widely and creatively." Read full Note from the Editor, Gosia E. Sklodowska

Download Volume 2 (2024-25)

Download Volume I (2023-24)

Publication Highlights

Enjoy reading a selection of research, interviews, and more from Theosis.

Charles M. Stang

Director’s Letter

“What you have in your hands, or on your screen, is a showcase of the rich research and programming that this community of scholars produced in the 2024-25 academic year.”

CSWR Director Charles Stang
Francis X. Clooney, S.J., CSWR Director, 2010-17

Until One Is Immersed: A Journey through Early Tamil Devotional Poetry

"One has to read through them, and when done, start over again, going round and round until one is immersed in the poetry, remembering the words and images, stories and desires of each ālvār, making their verses one's own."

Drawing of Vishnu and Lakshmi
Charles M. Stang, Director of the Center for the Study of World Religions

Thoreau and the Sound of Thinking

Between us and Thoreau’s God, then, are Thoreau’s gods, what British folklorist Francis Young and others call “small gods,” “land spirits,” or “godlings”—or, as I prefer, augenblickgötter, “gods of the blink of an eye,” and “gods of the indefinite article.” These are gods of nature, intermediary beings for which every culture has not only taxonomies but accumulated wisdom for how to know, navigate, and negotiate with them.

Close-up photo of light shining through ice
Danielle Layne

Postcards to the Dead

"Some scholars [...] command we box our ears to the supplications of the deceased: 'Do not internalize the living thought of ancient thinkers. The immortal soul—obviously, an archaic fancy. Be a good record-keeper or, better yet, a critic; either collect or correct, but love the dead not. They are gone.' But I do love them because the dearly departed remain, rattling around in dusty manuscripts and darkened memories."

Painting of Socrates and Xanthippe
Jonathan Thumas

Reclusion is Social

"Religious narratives valorize attempts at 'hiding' and praise the productivity of reclusion, but there is always another side to the story. For Athanasius, writing of the new monastic movement in Egypt, the desert had become a city. When Thoreau lived alone on Walden, he regularly visited with his friends and family in Concord. Buddhist recluses thrived in contact with society. Reclusion is social."

Painting of a rural scene in medieval Japan

Transmission, Tradition, and Integrity: Gurdjieffian Scholarship as Third Force

“The Work has always been an experiment in progress. Its enduring strength has never resided in its outer forms (which have been constantly morphing from the start) but in an intrinsic inner intelligence that has allowed it to shapeshift quickly to meet the changing circumstances in which it finds itself.”

Cynthia Bourgeault
Andrea Sánchez Castañeda in Conversation with Elías García Méndez

Communal Work, Ceremonial Becomings, and Rights to Knowledge

"The concept of xábasen, which means prioritizing the work, relegates us as individuals to secondary importance. The work itself takes precedence."

Painting of an old Indigenous woman
Elizabeth Rovere in Conversation with Giuliana Furci

The World Opens Up: Fungi, Wonder, and Ways of Knowing

"When we consider humanity's search for the divine, we as a species have always looked from the terrestrial toward the celestial. Yet fungi have been instrumental in that quest for the celestial."

Elizabeth Rovere and Giuliana Furci
Fabien Muller

Porphyry of Tyre on Theology and Theurgy

"Porphyry's main claim is that religious practices such as theurgy should ultimately conform to philosophical standards. Or, to put it differently: one shouldn't cultivate religious commitments that contradict philosophical ideas about divine reality."

Cover of Porphyry of Tyre on Theology and Theurgy

Special Feature: Sacred Plants of the Muysca: In the Words and Photos of Community Members

Authority Installation Ceremony 2024

Man in white shirt touching another person's head in a large crowd

During the installation ceremony of the Muysca community authorities, this photograph captures the moment of harmonization for Governor Jeison Triviño Cabiativa. Guided by the sabedores (knowledge keepers) and accompanied by the community, he is given the sacred medicine to cleanse and harmonize his energy, thereby strengthening his spiritual connection as he begins his new leadership role.

Author: Jose Piravaguen
Location: Tibabuyes Wetland, Suba, Bogota, Colombia

Offering Ceremony at the Teusacá Lagoon

Man crouching on the ground over sacred plants

Governor Jeison Triviño Cabiativa is performing his pagamento—a ceremonial offering to the land, ancestral elders, and spirits, both human and non-human—to give thanks for the new community authorities. This gesture represents his spiritual and communal commitment, reaffirming the bond between the leaders and the sacred forces of nature present in this ancestral territory.

Author: Jose Piravaguen
Location: Teusacá Lagoon, Colombia

Zaita Harmonizing with Medicine

Man in white shirt holding a conch and plants

Zaita (a sabedor or knowledge keeper) from the Muysca community carries sacred medicine to cleanse and harmonize the Muysca community of Suba, as he walks through the Tibabuyes Wetland, a sacred territory. In the photograph, he also holds the nymsuque, a traditional conch shell used to call upon the encantos (enchanted beings), spirits, and mohanes (territorial guardians) of the land. This ceremonial act connects the spiritual world with the community, invoking the protection and guidance of the ancestral beings of the territory.

Author: Jose Piravaguen
Location: Tibabuyes Wetland, Suba, Bogota, Colombia

Cultivating Plant Relations

Woman in straw hat holding a plant

Chavelita contemplates a thriving cannabis plant she has nurtured for several years. While cannabis and other medicinal plants are not native to the lands of Suba, the Muysca have embraced them, forming relationships of healing and care. Chavelita offers the plant’s leaves and flowers to Muysca Zaitas, who prepare syrups, ointments, herbal infusions, and other medicinal remedies.

Author: Andrea Sánchez-Castañeda
Location: Suba, Bogota, Colombia

Harmonization with Ancestral Medicine

Man in white shirt touching another man's forehead, river in the background

Zaita Yeison Yopasa prepares to offer the medicine to Saia (teacher) Alejandro Durán. This act of harmonization aims to cleanse the spiritual path of the leaders, creating a space of balance for the community participating in this sacred ceremony.

Author: Jose Piravaguen
Location: Tibabuyes Wetland, Suba, Bogota, Colombia

Ambira and the Legacy of Women Healers

Old woman in Indigenous attire

Elder and Zaita Blancanieves has been preparing ambira medicine since childhood, having learned the recipe from her grandmother. She was taught not only how to cultivate the plants with the intention of healing, but also the days-long cooking process involved in its preparation. Her ambira contains tobacco along with a variety of medicinal plants, kept secret, as the recipe is reserved for the medicine women of her lineage. This picture was taken at her home, where she welcomes and cares for patients.

Author: Andrea Sánchez-Castañeda
Location: Suba, Bogota, Colombia
 

The Seed and the Keeper

Pink flowers with garden in the background

The sacred tobacco plant, a symbol of the Muysca people in the city, is nurtured by Elder Chavelita, who works in the background of her urban garden, Tun Tâ. Her garden serves as both a living classroom and a cultural center for the community.

Author: Andrea Sánchez-Castañeda
Location: Suba, Bogota, Colombia

The Wind, Disperser of Seeds

Close up of two small green leaves emerging from the soil

A tobacco plant grows from the asphalt in front of a Muysca house. From the cracks in the pavement—where the earth barely breathes—this small plant emerges, adorned with droplets of water, born of Bogotá’s amphibious soil. It was not planted by any human hand, but by the wind, disperser of seeds, the echo of the ancestors smoking words into the air.

Author: Nicolle Torres
Location: Rincon neighborhood, Suba, Bogota, Colombia

Highlights 2024-25

CSWR in Numbers

33

postdoctoral fellows, research associates, affiliates, and visiting scholars

7,660

in-person and virtual attendees of CSWR public programming

45

public programs

including conferences, annual and guest lectures, art exhibits, musical and theatrical performances, reading groups and workshops

87

speaking engagements

at conferences, as guest lecturers, panel chairs, speakers, and podcast guests

74

journal and conference papers published

plus 12 book chapters & forewords and 44 research reflections

8

books published

18

podcast episodes

within the Pop Apocalypse and Om-gnosis series

28

partner organizations

including three academic centers in Europe: the Giorgio Cini Foundation in Venice, the Warburg Institute in London, the Centre for History of Hermetic Philosophy and Related Currents in Amsterdam

9,083

followers

across social media platforms: LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube (65% increase since last year)

CSWR in the Words of Our Affiliates

Francesco Piraino

CSWR Visiting Scholar

“Working at the CSWR has been the most rewarding academic experience of my career. The CSWR is an interdisciplinary space that welcomes not only anthropologists, sociologists, philosophers, and scholars of literature, but also artists. Its research topics range from classical subjects in comparative theology to avant-garde explorations of psychedelics and esotericism. Most importantly, the CSWR fosters a genuine sense of community—something especially vital in our current era of polarization, tension, and individualism.”

Francesco Piraino headshot

Therese Lautua

CSWR Resident and College Fellow in Indigenous Religions

“The CSWR has been a home away from home for our family of four from Aotearoa, New Zealand. While all the residents and affiliates at the CSWR come from all different backgrounds, we have always felt welcome and able to share a piece of the Moana, the Pacific, with the community. As an early-career researcher, I have relished the opportunity to be exposed to a vast array of ways to think about religion and spirituality, which has already impacted the way I write and think about how I serve my own home community.”

Therese Lautua

Andrew Jacobs

Senior Fellow

“It’s hard to describe in full the welcoming and stimulating atmosphere of the Center for the Study of World Religions, my academic home for more than six years. If I tried to recount the amazing lectures, the astounding talks, the insightful conversations, the research shared by the brilliant affiliates, I would fill the rest of the magazine. With the intellectual support of the Center, I finished two books, wrote articles, practiced papers, and what’s more important: I learned things I would never have even imagined.”

Andrew Jacobs

Jennifer Sheper-Hughes

CSWR Resident and Harvard Divinity School Yang Scholar

“The Center for the Study of World Religions supports a superb and generous community of scholars and residents. My family and I have been grateful to make a home here this year. What a remarkable model for intellectual life in our day and age—to live and think together in a common space.”

Jennifer Hughes

Alice Oswald

Poet-in-Residence

“I was lucky enough to spend February of this year at Harvard’s Center for the Study of World Religions, having been asked by Sherah Bloor to speak about poetry in performance. How can poems be spoken clearly, even passionately and yet not bombastically? I believe that the answers to these questions have more to do with imagination than voice projection, and for that reason, I focused on the poetry of the Greek dramatist, Aeschylus, who could speak without a microphone in the language of gods as well as people. I am deeply grateful to everyone who contributed to my fellowship.”

Alice Oswald

Andrea Sánchez-Castañeda

Postdoctoral Fellow

“The CSWR is a heaven for academic flourishing. Its interdisciplinary nature cultivates a diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches, which have significantly deepened my understanding of the complexities inherent in the study of religious experience. In particular, I have found the weekly research talks to be an enriching space for learning about each other’s work, receiving invaluable feedback, and offering constructive comments that support the growth of all our research. What stands out most to me is the warmth and care of the supportive team, including staff, academic advisors, researchers, and visiting scholars, which makes the center feel like a true community.”

Andrea Sanchez Castaneda

CSWR in the Words of Program Attendees

"THE TEACHINGS AND LEGACY OF G.I. GURDJIEFF” CONFERENCE, DECEMBER 2024

“For a gathering of people from many different threads of the Gurdjieff work, this was no ordinary encounter of one group facing another. This was a meeting alongside, like pilgrims joining up on the road—to discover that after all we share an aim and are unified through the very diversity we bring to our common search.” 

Andrew Breinenberg

“THINKING THROUGH PHOTOGRAPHY” WORKSHOP, JANUARY 2025

"This workshop exposed me to how art can influence scholarship, and can even be a part of scholarship. Sarah Schorr is such an example of an artist-scholar thinking about issues that are so relevant to the changing world, including climate change.”

Cass Morales, MTS ’27

PEER EDITING WORKSHOP, JANUARY 2025

"The workshop created a welcoming space where participants could receive thoughtful feedback on their writing. I felt genuinely empowered by the way Aaron Ullrey offered support, encouraging without ever taking over. In addition to helpful insights about structure, style, imagery, and grammar, one of the most powerful aspects of the workshop was hearing your own words read aloud in someone else’s voice. It changes how you hear them—and how you understand them.”

Rosemarie Smurzynski, MDiv ’80

"RESONANCE OF GRACE” MUSIC PERFORMANCE, MARCH 2025

"The Sufi Sound Bath was truly soul-stirring. The Multifaith room was transformed into a sanctuary of luminous tranquility, where the Divinity School’s thoughtful curation of ambient lighting created an ethereal atmosphere. Umer Piracha’s serene vocals floated through the sacred space like whispered prayers, his melodic guidance drawing us into profound spiritual communion. Each resonant note seemed to unlock hidden chambers of the heart, weaving together breath, sound, and soul into a tapestry of divine connection. This transcendent journey left an indelible imprint of serenity and awakening.”

Anil Saleem and Naveeda Hirji, Harvard graduate students

FIELD TRIP TO THE FORESTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, SPRING 2025

"[The trip] was extraordinary and transformative! I can remember the color of the day we entered the forest. The trees were covered with bright green moss, and there was such rich diversity. Everywhere you looked, there was something different. What struck me most was the trees’ height, their strength, and their coverage. I felt like I was in a portal. I was in a different world.”

Melissa Wood Batholomew, Associate Dean for Community and Belonging, Harvard Divinity School

“THINKING WITH PLANTS AND FUNGI” CONFERENCE, MAY 2025

“This conference was remarkable—a balm for the mind and heart in encouraging renewed human-plant relations. The speakers and participants celebrated this aspiration with brilliance threaded with hope.”

Mary Evelyn Tucker, Co-director, Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology